{
  "schemaVersion": "1.0",
  "book": "m-436",
  "number": 436,
  "title": "好老师为什么做不动",
  "authors": [
    "刘华杰"
  ],
  "sourceEdition": "初版（2026-10-24）",
  "taskVersion": "20261024-m436-unit-v1",
  "parts": [
    "问题的提出",
    "师德的三维：认可、代价、路径",
    "三方程：三者如何纠缠",
    "三原理：道德创新、道德滑坡、燃烧与倦怠",
    "师德病型诊断",
    "师德的精益求精：从讲认可到找最优路径",
    "学校与制度：降低师德代价的管理学"
  ],
  "tasks": [
    {
      "lesson": 1,
      "problemId": "M436-C01",
      "part": 1,
      "title": "听出“但是”后面的话",
      "question": "这一周留意自己或同事说出的三句“我也想，但是……”，记下后半句。把每一句归到“账”（要花多少）或“路”（怎样做成）或“认可本身”，各写一行。不要记人名，只记句子。",
      "checkpoint": "三句里有几句落在账或路上？再问：若三句的后半句全是“我其实不认可这件事”，说明认可才是卡点，本章“认可已高、卡在账与路”的说法就要收窄。",
      "chapterTitle": "第1章　认而不行：师德领域最普遍的现象",
      "sourceUrl": "https://sdeuniverses.com/books/m/436/text/#s5",
      "sourceData": "/books/m/436/unit/sources/chapter-01.json",
      "sourceSha256": "9b67ef0b32acc69835ae01bb531f60e7f97ef81f18a6072fbbb870ade1c312ef"
    },
    {
      "lesson": 2,
      "problemId": "M436-C02",
      "part": 1,
      "title": "给三种解释各打一个问号",
      "question": "想一件你们教研组里反复“做不到”的事，分别用“初心丢了”“素质不够”“环境太差”各解释一遍，每种写两句；再写一句：三种解释各漏掉了什么。",
      "checkpoint": "三种解释是否各抓住一维、又都漏了另外两维？再问：若有一种解释单独就能说清这件事，且另两种完全多余，本章“三维缺一不可”的说法就该收窄。",
      "chapterTitle": "第2章　三种流行的解释为什么不够",
      "sourceUrl": "https://sdeuniverses.com/books/m/436/text/#s6",
      "sourceData": "/books/m/436/unit/sources/chapter-02.json",
      "sourceSha256": "ceacf690703e23b66329dd87c8d85cdcaeae77e697cba2091b7e789c7d40a380"
    },
    {
      "lesson": 3,
      "problemId": "M436-C03",
      "part": 1,
      "title": "给一件善记“三个最小”",
      "question": "找一件你觉得“若有陶行知的办法就好了”的小事，用流传版四块糖的读法写三行：我要的是什么；原来花多少力气；有没有一个更省的做法可试。只写一行试法即可。",
      "checkpoint": "写出的试法，是否在保住原来要做成的善的前提下更省了力气？再问：若所有省力的做法都让善变了样、削弱了目标，本章“低代价的善做得到”的说法在这件事上要收窄。",
      "chapterTitle": "第3章　陶行知的四块糖：一个低代价的善",
      "sourceUrl": "https://sdeuniverses.com/books/m/436/text/#s7",
      "sourceData": "/books/m/436/unit/sources/chapter-03.json",
      "sourceSha256": "ea0bc7f01f7f6f5a83d15664105eb3f2d9041fed5d1013ce1234c8e3c149cc38"
    },
    {
      "lesson": 4,
      "problemId": "M436-C04",
      "part": 2,
      "title": "给一件善做真善美三问",
      "question": "选你本周做的一件善，写三句：做完以后，学生与学习的关系更近了还是更远了（真）；他实际收到的是什么（善）；他和同事愿不愿靠近、效仿（美）。不写学生姓名。",
      "checkpoint": "三句里是否有一句答不上来？答不上来处正是认可还没落地之处。再问：若三问都轻松答出，而你仍觉得这件事“白做了”，说明卡点不在认可，本章要收窄。",
      "chapterTitle": "第4章　认可：师德的真善美（S3）",
      "sourceUrl": "https://sdeuniverses.com/books/m/436/text/#s9",
      "sourceData": "/books/m/436/unit/sources/chapter-04.json",
      "sourceSha256": "06898c370781454223fcd1e5ed3889923103111ab9510b3315815ca38c6e02be"
    },
    {
      "lesson": 5,
      "problemId": "M436-C05",
      "part": 2,
      "title": "写下一件善的三种力气",
      "question": "挑一件做完觉得累的事，分别写内能（心力）、动能（时间）、势能（位置、制度、信任上的托举或拖累）各一行，再写一句：这三项里，最重的是哪一项。",
      "checkpoint": "是否第一次把“累”拆成了三种？再问：若你发现三项都很轻，累却依然很重，说明这份累另有来源，本章“善有三种价格”的说法要用别的账补上。",
      "chapterTitle": "第5章　代价：师德是能量的付出（E3）",
      "sourceUrl": "https://sdeuniverses.com/books/m/436/text/#s10",
      "sourceData": "/books/m/436/unit/sources/chapter-05.json",
      "sourceSha256": "95b147c54daefcb8fbf2f6aaaad9850f5bb4dbef9405e33d35296a6e6ceb5ebe"
    },
    {
      "lesson": 6,
      "problemId": "M436-C06",
      "part": 2,
      "title": "找出一处误差、一处冗余、一处亏损",
      "question": "在本周教学里各找一例：好心却没落到目标上的做法（误差）；花了力气却没增加善的环节（冗余）；做完账没平、透支自己或转给别人的地方（亏损）。各写一行。",
      "checkpoint": "三例是否分别对得上三个“最小”？再问：若你怎么找都找不到冗余，且已做得很省，说明你的路径已较优，本章用来解释“做不动”的部分就不适用于你。",
      "chapterTitle": "第6章　可能性：师德是一个最优化问题（D3）",
      "sourceUrl": "https://sdeuniverses.com/books/m/436/text/#s11",
      "sourceData": "/books/m/436/unit/sources/chapter-06.json",
      "sourceSha256": "4aa5c240eb895a3726ec89b29c2014f52f33ac856598d66c2aedf07ddae8ca01"
    },
    {
      "lesson": 7,
      "problemId": "M436-C07",
      "part": 3,
      "title": "看一次认可怎样随账起落",
      "question": "回想一件你曾经很认可、后来不太提的善，写下：当初认可它时，它的代价和路径是什么样；后来哪一项变了；认可的变化是在代价变化之前，还是之后。",
      "checkpoint": "认可的松动是否跟在付不起、没路之后？再问：若认可先松动、代价与路径一直没变，说明认可可以独立起落，本章“认可由付出与路径决定”就要收窄。",
      "chapterTitle": "第7章　认可由付出和路径决定：S3＝F(D3, E3)",
      "sourceUrl": "https://sdeuniverses.com/books/m/436/text/#s13",
      "sourceData": "/books/m/436/unit/sources/chapter-07.json",
      "sourceSha256": "0c52b03fa3e5a09de340817d31b87727bd9d5d05ae561ceceff6b0b18027c8d5"
    },
    {
      "lesson": 8,
      "problemId": "M436-C08",
      "part": 3,
      "title": "同一件事，认还是不认的两种账",
      "question": "选一件你认可的事和一件你被要求去做却不认的事，各写它的内能、动能感受：同样的一小时，投入时记在“收入”栏，不认时记在“支出”栏，感觉有何不同。",
      "checkpoint": "两种感受的差别是否真的存在，而不只是时间长短的差别？再问：若两种情形里你的感受毫无差别，本章“认可改变代价被记在哪一栏”的说法就要收窄。",
      "chapterTitle": "第8章　代价由认可和路径决定：E3＝H(S3, D3)",
      "sourceUrl": "https://sdeuniverses.com/books/m/436/text/#s14",
      "sourceData": "/books/m/436/unit/sources/chapter-08.json",
      "sourceSha256": "3c047971bd070b4954174ae7c59d753565294663f6e2fcbccd38bc2afa124d03"
    },
    {
      "lesson": 9,
      "problemId": "M436-C09",
      "part": 3,
      "title": "让一件善在认可与代价之间找最优",
      "question": "选一件做得动时做、做不动时不做的善，写出“力气足时的做法”和“力气少时的做法”两个版本，各一行，再写：两个版本都保住了什么、都放下了什么。",
      "checkpoint": "少力气的版本是否仍保住了你最认可的那一点？再问：若减力气后这件事一点善也留不下，说明它的底线要求没有路径，本章“最优不是最少”要在此处收窄。",
      "chapterTitle": "第9章　可能性在认可与代价之间求最优：D3＝G(S3, E3)",
      "sourceUrl": "https://sdeuniverses.com/books/m/436/text/#s15",
      "sourceData": "/books/m/436/unit/sources/chapter-09.json",
      "sourceSha256": "99519fafd85da7cb107235ed0293d52afdd7945849570308c50c4bd4e566f4ca"
    },
    {
      "lesson": 10,
      "problemId": "M436-C10",
      "part": 4,
      "title": "做一次被夹出来的小改法",
      "question": "找一件认可很高、付出又多的事，写下现在被“夹”的感觉；再列出四个出口（降低认可、加能量、转嫁、换路）你实际在走哪一个；只试一个换路的小改动，一周后回看。",
      "checkpoint": "换路后，认可没降、能量没增、也没把账转给别人吗？再问：若小改动做完，三项中任何一项变差，说明这不是道德创新，只是换了个地方付账。",
      "chapterTitle": "第10章　认可与代价的矛盾推动路径改变：道德创新",
      "sourceUrl": "https://sdeuniverses.com/books/m/436/text/#s17",
      "sourceData": "/books/m/436/unit/sources/chapter-10.json",
      "sourceSha256": "8b25b938c775f3fcaf0e32d53033edc392c98a5824b56581b855168fe8dbf95d"
    },
    {
      "lesson": 11,
      "problemId": "M436-C11",
      "part": 4,
      "title": "留意一句“其实没用”",
      "question": "回想你或同事说过的“做了也没用”“差不多就行”一类的话，不记人名。写下这句话之前，那件事花了多少力气、试过几种办法，再写：这句话是从哪一件事上松下来的。",
      "checkpoint": "这句话之前是否有一段付出多、办法少的经历？再问：若此前并没有付出和受挫，这句话直接就是不认可，本章“滑坡是账与路改写了认可”的说法就要收窄。",
      "chapterTitle": "第11章　代价与路径的矛盾推动认可改变：道德滑坡",
      "sourceUrl": "https://sdeuniverses.com/books/m/436/text/#s18",
      "sourceData": "/books/m/436/unit/sources/chapter-11.json",
      "sourceSha256": "dc881e2a653d25cdc62bcf8a2833e01a695282a19a18da1b6b7bdebbd5c2a2f3"
    },
    {
      "lesson": 12,
      "problemId": "M436-C12",
      "part": 4,
      "title": "辨认燃烧与倦怠的两端",
      "question": "回想本学期你有没有“硬顶上去”的一周和“不想碰”的一周，各写两行：当时怎样加力或撤力，以及背后是哪一件善找不到路。注意只写感受与事件，不作医学判断。",
      "checkpoint": "两端是否指向同一件找不到路的善？再问：若两端分别来自毫不相干的原因，说明它们不是同一条线的两头，本章的说法要收窄。",
      "chapterTitle": "第12章　认可与路径的矛盾推动能量改变：燃烧与倦怠",
      "sourceUrl": "https://sdeuniverses.com/books/m/436/text/#s19",
      "sourceData": "/books/m/436/unit/sources/chapter-12.json",
      "sourceSha256": "6f7f930d90645606bbe5f210c88c95763796068fe4eab0983d43374557d4f099"
    },
    {
      "lesson": 13,
      "problemId": "M436-C13",
      "part": 5,
      "title": "对照账本写下主次病型",
      "question": "取你最近一周的三件善，对照第13章四种病型，写下你认为最相近的主型和次型，各配一句账本上的依据。这是自我梳理，不是任何医学或资格判断，也不必给他人贴标签。",
      "checkpoint": "依据是否来自账本上的数字，而不是你对自己的印象？再问：若换一周后主型完全变了，说明病型是当前状态而非身份，这恰好符合书里的说法。",
      "chapterTitle": "第13章　四种病型",
      "sourceUrl": "https://sdeuniverses.com/books/m/436/text/#s21",
      "sourceData": "/books/m/436/unit/sources/chapter-13.json",
      "sourceSha256": "adbb022254aaff0bada8956b50ab2dde5d901b58021cdb1d2a60e9705f0a8326"
    },
    {
      "lesson": 14,
      "problemId": "M436-C14",
      "part": 5,
      "title": "问三句：谁付，同意吗，付得起吗",
      "question": "取你账本里一件有他人名字的善（只写“学生”“家人”“同事”这类称呼，不写个人信息），对每个付账人问：谁付？他同意吗？他付得起吗？写下三个答案。",
      "checkpoint": "三个答案里是否有一个是“否”？若有，下一步是当面谈一次账。再问：若三问全是“是”，说明这笔账是明的，不算转嫁，本章的担心在此件事上不成立。",
      "chapterTitle": "第14章　隐蔽形态：代价转嫁",
      "sourceUrl": "https://sdeuniverses.com/books/m/436/text/#s22",
      "sourceData": "/books/m/436/unit/sources/chapter-14.json",
      "sourceSha256": "c0e46e54a6fb792e89ec757760b635faf75581ad5e25702bf551d73d1c233e54"
    },
    {
      "lesson": 15,
      "problemId": "M436-C15",
      "part": 5,
      "title": "画出自己的师德账本",
      "question": "按第15章的表，列近一个月最费力的五件善行，各填内能、动能、势能、谁在付账、有无更省力做法、认可变化。先看合计，再看“没想过”的格子。",
      "checkpoint": "你是否能说出“这件比那件贵”？再问：若填完后五件的价格几乎一样，或你觉得账本看不出任何差异，说明记法太粗，需要缩小到更具体的事再记。",
      "chapterTitle": "第15章　师德账本自测",
      "sourceUrl": "https://sdeuniverses.com/books/m/436/text/#s23",
      "sourceData": "/books/m/436/unit/sources/chapter-15.json",
      "sourceSha256": "c7c7a24a7b1f20ebdebd341c656a1df10da4582165001b02fd71d085581387d1"
    },
    {
      "lesson": 16,
      "problemId": "M436-C16",
      "part": 6,
      "title": "把一个抽象的善拆开",
      "question": "选一个口号式的善，如“关爱学生”，把它拆成三到四件别人能观察到的事，并给每件定一个“够了”的程度。再写：力气紧张时，这几件里先保哪一件。",
      "checkpoint": "拆出的每件事，别人能看见吗？再问：若拆完之后每一件都只是原词的同义反复，说明还没拆开，本章“认可要落到具体”的要求没有完成，需再拆一层。",
      "chapterTitle": "第16章　第一步 定价值：把真善美说具体（S3）",
      "sourceUrl": "https://sdeuniverses.com/books/m/436/text/#s25",
      "sourceData": "/books/m/436/unit/sources/chapter-16.json",
      "sourceSha256": "b58502851df657952154b62bcb3acb21180f9900a0b0f95ad81d8b098c8b486a"
    },
    {
      "lesson": 17,
      "problemId": "M436-C17",
      "part": 6,
      "title": "算一笔账，找出最贵的善",
      "question": "连续记三到七天，每晚写一行：做了什么善、内能几分、用了几小时。第七天读账：最累的是哪一件？最该做的是哪一件？两者是同一件吗？写下一个意外。",
      "checkpoint": "是否出现了“最累的不是最该做的”这类意外？再问：若最累的永远就是最该做的，且你已无更省办法，说明这笔账暂时无处可省，需转向第20章去看制度。",
      "chapterTitle": "第17章　第二步 算账：让代价看得见（E3）",
      "sourceUrl": "https://sdeuniverses.com/books/m/436/text/#s26",
      "sourceData": "/books/m/436/unit/sources/chapter-17.json",
      "sourceSha256": "8a64bd47a35e6ff1683ab399b3d32b3b77d324f3a4966cfe4df5371a170b9ded"
    },
    {
      "lesson": 18,
      "problemId": "M436-C18",
      "part": 6,
      "title": "走一遍六步法",
      "question": "选一件高代价的善，走完猜想、执行、评估、反馈、修正、迭代：只试一个班、一周、一件事。写下“如果这样做，会看到什么变化”，一周后对照，改一两处，再试一轮。",
      "checkpoint": "失败了也付得起吗？每轮改动是否有依据？再问：若试了两轮，代价与效果都毫无变化，说明这个猜想不对，应换猜想，不是再咬牙坚持。",
      "chapterTitle": "第18章　第三步 找路：师德技艺的六步法（D3）",
      "sourceUrl": "https://sdeuniverses.com/books/m/436/text/#s27",
      "sourceData": "/books/m/436/unit/sources/chapter-18.json",
      "sourceSha256": "d96f77834e1c49f7ab9928cb2dc7fe7a9013200ca264bc676d03a11de249bf9b"
    },
    {
      "lesson": 19,
      "problemId": "M436-C19",
      "part": 6,
      "title": "写一张技艺卡",
      "question": "把你做成的一件善写成一张卡，只写五栏：要做成什么，原来怎么做、花多少，现在怎么做，风险与适用边界，什么时候行不通。不写学生个人信息，写好后给一位同事试用。",
      "checkpoint": "同事能不能明天照着试？卡上写了代价没有？再问：若同事试后觉得不对或做不到，说明卡片边界没写清，可补一笔，这本身就是回写，不是失败。",
      "chapterTitle": "第19章　第四步 回写：做成的善怎样加深认可",
      "sourceUrl": "https://sdeuniverses.com/books/m/436/text/#s28",
      "sourceData": "/books/m/436/unit/sources/chapter-19.json",
      "sourceSha256": "a331ef233ee19d0b50dc8dc26c1ab07576a2184d4847775786b28a8fe5ca8516"
    },
    {
      "lesson": 20,
      "problemId": "M436-C20",
      "part": 7,
      "title": "给校长的一页账",
      "question": "校长或管理者取本校一项常规要求（检查、留痕、评比之一），写下它给教师添了哪些内能、动能、势能的账，以及其中有多少是冗余。再写：若只保留一半，善会少吗。",
      "checkpoint": "算出的冗余是否能直接砍掉一部分？再问：若砍掉后教师的负担没有减轻，或善真的变少了，说明这项要求里的冗余被你估高了，本章的建议要收窄。",
      "chapterTitle": "第20章　校长的师德账本",
      "sourceUrl": "https://sdeuniverses.com/books/m/436/text/#s30",
      "sourceData": "/books/m/436/unit/sources/chapter-20.json",
      "sourceSha256": "27fdf3aecdf00b2c4e68269c10eb9cefecf3a0ee72d862afbbd21b3e77f202f3"
    },
    {
      "lesson": 21,
      "problemId": "M436-C21",
      "part": 7,
      "title": "设计一个培训对照",
      "question": "为一次师德培训写一页对照设计：两组，一组做工作坊，一组做同时长的价值宣讲；写明用哪些记录量实施率和代价，三个月后查什么。写明什么结果出现，就认为母题错了。",
      "checkpoint": "设计里是否写明了“若两组差不多就修改或放弃母题”？再问：若你写不出任何一种会推翻预期的结果，说明这不是评估，只是宣传，需重写。",
      "chapterTitle": "第21章　新型师德培训的设计",
      "sourceUrl": "https://sdeuniverses.com/books/m/436/text/#s31",
      "sourceData": "/books/m/436/unit/sources/chapter-21.json",
      "sourceSha256": "99a07488e18f9e3b5cdeb9880d49da436610ec651cfbc5a39057aa6d2af9a174"
    }
  ],
  "companionDesign": true,
  "realModelTested": false,
  "learningEffectTested": false
}